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UPSSSC Junior Assistant Recruitment 2024 Apply Online

Leave a Comment / Competitive Exams, Current Affairs, Learning Tips, UPSC / By / February 27, 2025

UPSSSC Junior Assistant Recruitment 2024 Apply Online What is SSC Exam? SSC (Staff Selection Commission) conducts various exams to recruit candidates for government jobs across ministries and departments. Some popular SSC exams include: SSC CGL (Combined Graduate Level) SSC CHSL (Combined Higher Secondary Level) SSC MTS (Multi Tasking Staff) SSC JE (Junior Engineer) Why Choose Coaching for SSC Preparation? Benefits of Joining Coaching Centers: Structured study plan Experienced mentors Regular mock tests Doubt clearing sessions How Coaching Helps in Cracking SSC Exam Coaching institutes provide focused guidance tailored for SSC exams. They cover shortcuts, strategies, and updated exam patterns, making your preparation faster and smarter. Factors to Consider While Choosing SSC Coaching in Delhi Faculty Experience: Experienced teachers make a huge difference. Study Material: Updated, comprehensive material is a must. Past Results: A good track record means effective teaching. Batch Size: Smaller batches allow personalized attention. Student Feedback: Honest reviews matter. Top 10 SSC Coaching Institutes in Delhi for 2025 Plutus Academy Overview: Known for result-oriented teaching. Key Features: Small batches, online & offline classes. Fees: ₹30,000 – ₹40,000 Location: Mukherjee Nagar Student Reviews: Highly praised for personalized attention. Paramount Coaching Centre Overview: Old and reputed coaching. Key Features: Daily quizzes and doubt-solving. Fees: ₹25,000 – ₹35,000 Location: GTB Nagar Student Reviews: Strong material and test series. KD Campus Overview: Founded by Neetu Singh. Key Features: Regular doubt sessions. Fees: ₹30,000 Location: Karol Bagh Student Reviews: Strong on quantitative aptitude. Career Power Overview: Part of Adda247 group. Key Features: Hybrid model (online + offline). Fees: ₹28,000 – ₹33,000 Location: Laxmi Nagar Student Reviews: Known for extensive mock tests. Excel SSC Coaching Overview: Focuses exclusively on SSC. Key Features: Practice-oriented. Fees: ₹25,000 Location: Mukherjee Nagar Student Reviews: Affordable and effective. Vidya Guru Overview: Affordable with great reviews. Key Features: Flexible batch timings. Fees: ₹22,000 – ₹28,000 Location: Karol Bagh Student Reviews: Student-friendly teaching. IBT Institute Overview: Nationwide network. Key Features: Advanced test series. Fees: ₹25,000 Location: Uttam Nagar Student Reviews: Strong focus on current affairs. Mahendra Educational Pvt Ltd Overview: Decades-old brand. Key Features: Banking + SSC combo packages. Fees: ₹30,000 Location: GTB Nagar Student Reviews: Good classroom experience. Success Mantra Overview: Popular among freshers. Key Features: Daily practice papers. Fees: ₹24,000 Location: Laxmi Nagar Student Reviews: Comprehensive coverage. Aim & Achieve Overview: Rising star in coaching. Key Features: Detailed analysis reports. Fees: ₹26,000 Location: Mukherjee Nagar Student Reviews: Affordable with good teaching. Why Delhi is the Best Place for SSC Coaching? Home to top institutes. Access to experienced faculty. Updated notes and test series. Competitive atmosphere boosts preparation. Tips to Crack SSC Exam in 2025 Analyze the syllabus. Make a daily timetable. Take regular mock tests. Join peer study groups. Revise regularly and stay positive. Conclusion Choosing the right SSC coaching in Delhi can make your preparation journey smoother and more effective. Consider your learning style, budget, and location before making your decision. With the right coaching and dedication, cracking SSC 2025 will be much easier! FAQs Q1. Which is the best SSC coaching in Delhi for 2025? Plutus Academy and Paramount are top choices. Q2. What is the average fee for SSC coaching in Delhi? ₹25,000 to ₹35,000. Q3. Is online coaching better than offline? Depends on your comfort and learning style. Q4. How long does SSC preparation take? Usually 6-12 months. Q5. Can I crack SSC without coaching? Yes, with self-discipline and proper study material. More than 2 results are available in the PRO version (This notice is only visible to admin users) Latest Articles SSC & CGL Top 10 SSC Coaching Institutes in Delhi for 2025 – Fees, Location & Student Reviews February 27, 2025 / Institutes In Delhi Digital Marketing Performance Marketing vs. Brand Marketing: Which One Drives Better ROI? 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Railway NTPC 10+2 Under Graduate Level Post Recruitment 2024: A Comprehensive Guide

Leave a Comment / Competitive Exams, Current Affairs, Jobs / By / September 26, 2024

Railway NTPC 10+2 Under Graduate Level Post Recruitment 2024: A Comprehensive Guide Are you ready to embark on a rewarding journey with the Indian Railways? The Railway NTPC 10+2 Under Graduate Level Post Recruitment 2024 is here, offering exciting opportunities for candidates looking to start their careers in the government sector. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the recruitment process, including eligibility criteria, application procedures, and much more. Overview of Railway NTPC 10+2 Recruitment 2024 The Railway NTPC (Non-Technical Popular Categories) 10+2 recruitment is a significant opportunity for individuals who have completed their higher secondary education. This recruitment aims to fill various non-technical positions in Indian Railways, such as clerks, typists, and ticket collectors. The government provides a stable career with attractive salary packages and benefits. For detailed information, you can visit Institutes in Delhi. Important Dates for NTPC Under Graduate Recruitment 2024 Staying informed about important dates is crucial when applying for any government job. The following are key dates to keep in mind for the Railway NTPC 10+2 recruitment process: Application Start Date: [Insert Date] Application End Date: [Insert Date] Admit Card Release Date: [Insert Date] Exam Date: [Insert Date] Result Announcement Date: [Insert Date] Ensure you mark these dates on your calendar to avoid missing any important deadlines. Eligibility Criteria for Railway NTPC 10+2 Posts Before applying, it’s essential to check if you meet the eligibility criteria set by the Indian Railways. Minimum Educational Qualification Required Candidates must have completed their higher secondary education (10+2) from a recognized board. Specific posts may require additional qualifications, so check the official notification for details. Age Limit and Relaxations The age limit for candidates applying for NTPC 10+2 posts typically ranges from 18 to 30 years. However, age relaxations are available for certain categories: OBC: 3 years SC/ST: 5 years Ex-servicemen: As per the government norms How to Apply for NTPC Under Graduate Level Posts 2024 Applying for the Railway NTPC 10+2 recruitment is straightforward. Follow these steps for a successful application: Step-by-Step Application Process Visit the Official RRB Website: Go to the respective Railway Recruitment Board’s official website. Find the NTPC Notification: Look for the NTPC 10+2 recruitment notification on the homepage. Register Online: Click on the registration link and fill in the required details. Complete the Application Form: Provide all necessary information accurately. Upload Documents: Attach scanned copies of your educational certificates, photographs, and signatures. Pay the Application Fee: Choose your preferred payment method and complete the fee payment. Submit Your Application: After reviewing your application, click the submit button. Make sure to keep a copy of your application for future reference. Application Fee Details for Railway NTPC UG Recruitment The application fee is a necessary aspect of the recruitment process. Here’s the typical fee structure: General/OBC Candidates: ₹500 SC/ST/PWD/Ex-servicemen: ₹250 (Refundable) Payment can be made through online modes like debit/credit cards, net banking, or offline methods as specified in the notification. NTPC 10+2 Level Vacancy Details: Category-Wise Breakdown The NTPC recruitment provides a range of opportunities across various categories. Below is a general breakdown of vacancies: Clerks: [Number of Vacancies] Typists: [Number of Vacancies] Ticket Collectors: [Number of Vacancies] Other Positions: [Details] Check the official notification for specific numbers and categories. RRB NTPC 10+2 Post-Wise Vacancy Information Each post has its own set of responsibilities and requirements. Here’s a brief overview: Clerk Role: Handling administrative tasks, managing documentation. Skills Required: Strong organizational and communication skills. Typist Role: Data entry and document preparation. Skills Required: Typing speed and accuracy. Ticket Collector Role: Checking tickets and assisting passengers. Skills Required: Customer service skills and attention to detail. Selection Process for Railway NTPC Under Graduate Posts The selection process involves multiple stages to ensure the best candidates are chosen. CBT Stage 1 and Stage 2 Exam Pattern Stage 1: Computer-Based Test (CBT) focusing on general awareness, reasoning, and mathematics. Stage 2: More in-depth testing on job-related subjects. Skill Test, Typing Test, and Document Verification After clearing the CBT, candidates will undergo skill and typing tests (if applicable) followed by document verification to confirm eligibility. Syllabus for Railway NTPC 10+2 Level Exams 2024 Familiarizing yourself with the exam syllabus is vital for effective preparation. Here are the subjects typically covered: General Awareness: Current affairs, history, culture. Mathematics: Arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. Reasoning: Logical reasoning and analytical abilities. Exam Preparation Tips for NTPC 10+2 Recruitment Preparing for the NTPC exams requires a strategic approach. Here are some tips to help you: Create a Study Schedule: Allocate time for each subject and stick to your plan. Use Previous Year Papers: Solve past exam papers to understand the format and question types. Take Mock Tests: Practice with mock tests to build confidence and improve speed. Stay Updated: Read newspapers and current affairs regularly to enhance general knowledge. Salary Structure for NTPC 10+2 Posts: Pay Scale and Allowances Salaries for NTPC 10+2 posts are attractive and come with additional benefits. Typically, the pay scale is as follows: Basic Pay: ₹19,900 – ₹63,200 (Depending on the post) Allowances: HRA, DA, and other perks as per government rules. Region-Wise Vacancy Distribution for NTPC UG Recruitment 2024 Vacancies may vary across different regions. Be sure to check the specific region you are interested in to understand the available positions. Railway NTPC Admit Card 2024: How to Download The admit card is a crucial document for the examination. Here’s how to download it: Visit the Official RRB Website. Click on the Admit Card Link: Find the link for NTPC admit card download. Enter Your Details: Fill in your registration number and date of birth. Download and Print: Save the admit card and print it for examination day. NTPC 10+2 Level Result Announcement: Important Dates Results will be announced following the completion of the exams. Make sure to check the official website regularly for updates on result announcements. Documents Required for Railway NTPC Application Gather the following documents before applying to streamline the process: Educational certificates Age proof Caste certificate (if applicable)

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Bharat Bandh Over SC/ST Reservation: An Analysis of the Supreme Court Ruling, Public Response, and Political Repercussions

Leave a Comment / Competitive Exams, Current Affairs / By / August 22, 2024

Bharat Bandh Over SC/ST Reservation: An Analysis of the Supreme Court Ruling, Public Response, and Political Repercussions The debate over SC/ST reservations in India is one of the most sensitive and significant socio-political issues that has, for decades, sparked intense discussions across the country. Recent events surrounding the Supreme Court’s ruling on SC/ST reservations have reignited this controversy, leading to widespread protests, a call for Bharat Bandh, and a nationwide demand for justice. In this blog, we will delve deep into this topic, explore the legal implications, analyze the stance of different political parties, and discuss the broader impact of these events on competitive exams like SSC, UPSC, and more. Introduction The issue of reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India has been at the center of social justice debates. Reservations are seen as a tool for uplifting marginalized communities, ensuring fair representation, and addressing historical injustices. However, the recent Supreme Court ruling has thrown the issue back into the spotlight, triggering nationwide protests and Bharat Bandh calls. The mass movement for the protection of reservations is a positive effort that reflects the deep-rooted concern among communities affected by this ruling. This article will explore all aspects of the controversy, the Supreme Court’s decision, the opposition’s stand, and what lies ahead. The Supreme Court Ruling: A Turning Point In a controversial judgment delivered in 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that the provision of reservations in promotions for SC/STs is not mandatory for the state governments. The ruling stated that the state governments can decide whether or not to grant reservations in promotions based on local circumstances and data availability. This decision sparked outrage among various SC/ST communities, as it was perceived as a rollback of affirmative action policies that have been a critical tool in achieving social equality. What Was the SC Ruling? The Supreme Court’s judgment clarified that reservations in promotions for SC/ST employees in government jobs are not a constitutional right. Instead, it emphasized that such reservations could be provided only if there is clear data to show the underrepresentation of these communities in higher government posts. The court’s decision rested on the principles of “efficiency of administration” and meritocracy, leading to fears that the ruling could disproportionately harm marginalized communities. The Opposition’s Stand: Political Dynamics at Play Political parties across the spectrum quickly jumped into the fray, with opposition parties strongly criticizing the Supreme Court ruling. The ruling has provided an opportunity for opposition parties to rally support from SC/ST communities, positioning themselves as protectors of social justice. Many opposition leaders voiced their support for the Bharat Bandh and condemned the ruling, accusing the central government of weakening reservation policies. Opposition Parties Support Organisations’ Call for Bharat Bandh Over SC Judgment Several prominent opposition parties, including the Congress, BSP, SP, and regional outfits, extended their support to the Bharat Bandh called by various social organizations. These organizations demanded the rollback of the ruling, arguing that it would result in a dilution of the reservation system and further marginalize vulnerable communities. The opposition’s backing of the bandh was seen as a calculated move to gain political mileage and strengthen their base among SC/ST voters. The Mass Movement to Protect Reservation: A Grassroots Response The Bharat Bandh and the nationwide protests reflect a growing mass movement aimed at protecting the reservation system. The movement has drawn support from civil society, student unions, and rights groups, all united by the belief that the Supreme Court ruling undermines the constitutional guarantees provided to SC/ST communities. The protests have brought together people from different states and backgrounds, highlighting the widespread discontent over the ruling. What Are the Demands? The core demands of the protesters and organizations leading the Bharat Bandh include: Immediate Revocation of the SC Ruling: Protesters demand that the central government take steps to overturn the ruling either through legislative action or a review petition in the Supreme Court. Stronger Reservation Policies: There is a call for strengthening the reservation system in both employment and promotions to ensure fair representation for SC/ST communities. Legislative Amendments: Activists are demanding that Parliament pass a constitutional amendment making reservations in promotions mandatory and non-negotiable. Fair Implementation of Reservation Quotas: Protesters argue that many states are not implementing the existing reservation quotas effectively, leading to systemic exclusion of marginalized communities from government jobs. Supreme Court Ruling on SC/ST Reservation Sparks Outrage: Nationwide Response and Bharat Bandh The ruling led to spontaneous protests across the country. These protests were not confined to any single state but spread across different regions, from urban centers to rural areas. The nationwide Bharat Bandh was called as a direct response to the Supreme Court ruling, reflecting the deep-seated anger and fear among SC/ST communities about losing hard-won rights. The bandh saw participation from millions of people, bringing normal life to a halt in several states. Nationwide Bharat Bandh Calls for Justice Amid SC/ST Reservation Controversy The Bharat Bandh was marked by peaceful protests, rallies, and sit-ins across various states. In some areas, clashes between protesters and law enforcement agencies were reported, leading to tension. The bandh was particularly effective in states with significant SC/ST populations like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Educational institutions, transportation services, and businesses were significantly affected, reflecting the widespread support for the cause. SC/ST Reservation Controversy Leads to Bharat Bandh: What to Expect? The Bharat Bandh has set the stage for a prolonged battle over the future of reservation policies in India. As the political temperature rises, several scenarios could unfold: Political Mobilization: The issue could become a rallying point in upcoming elections, with political parties using it to attract SC/ST voters. Judicial Review: There is a possibility of a review petition being filed in the Supreme Court, challenging the ruling. Legal experts and activists are pushing for this route. Legislative Action: Parliament could be compelled to pass a law or constitutional amendment to address the concerns raised by the ruling. Wider Social Movements: The protests could expand

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India’s Olympic Journey: A Story of Triumph and Glory

Leave a Comment / Current Affairs, sports news / By / August 13, 2024

India’s Olympic Journey: A Story of Triumph and Glory India’s Medal Winners in 2024: The Champions Who Made Us Proud   – Neeraj Chopra (Athletics, Gold) – Bajrang Punia (Wrestling, Gold) – PV Sindhu (badminton, Silver) – Vinesh Phogat (Wrestling, Bronze) – Indian Men’s Hockey Team (Bronze)   India’s Gold Medal Winners: The Heroes Who Made History   – Neeraj Chopra (Athletics) – The golden boy of Indian athletics – Bajrang Punia (Wrestling) – The champion who won India’s first wrestling gold India’s Silver Medal Winners: The Fighters Who Won Our Hearts   – PV Sindhu (Badminton) – The silver medalist who made us proud again – Saurabh Chaudhary (Shooting) – The young shooter who won India’s heart   India’s Bronze Medal Winners: The Champions Who Won Our Respect.   – Vinesh Phogat (Wrestling) – The bronze medalist who made history – Ravi Kumar Dahiya (Wrestling) – The bronze medalist who made us proud again – Indian Women’s Hockey Team (Bronze) – Won India’s first women’s hockey medal   India’s Olympic Heroes: The Legends Who Inspired Us.   – Milkha Singh: The Flying Sikh who inspired a generation – PT Usha: The Golden Girl who won our hearts – Leander Paes: The Tennis Legend who won India’s first medal – Viswanathan Anand: The Chess Wizard who won India’s first gold medal   India’s Olympic Village: Meet the Athletes Who Made Us Proud   The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) announced a strong contingent of 120 athletes, with a mix of experienced and young talent.   India’s Medal Tally in 2024: A Historic Haul of 20 Medals!   India won a historic 20 medals, including 5 gold medals, 6 silver medals, and 9 bronze medals.   India’s Olympic Preparations: How We Prepared for the Big Event   The Sports Authority of India (SAI) launched several initiatives to support athletes, including training camps, foreign exposure, and sports science support.   Conclusion: A New Era for Indian Sports Has Begun!   India’s performance at the 2024 Olympics marked a new era for Indian sports. With a strong team, world-class training facilities, and a supportive government, India is poised to become a sporting powerhouse.  

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Current Political Crisis in Bangladesh: A Detailed Overview

Leave a Comment / Current Affairs, Latest News / By / August 12, 2024

Current Political Crisis in Bangladesh: A Detailed Overview High Unemployment and Economic Stagnation:    Bangladesh has been facing significant economic challenges, particularly concerning the employment rate among its youth. Despite government assurances of economic development and job creation, the lack of substantial employment opportunities has led to deep frustration. Young people, especially graduates, have found it increasingly difficult to secure jobs, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.   Student-Led Protests:      The discontent culminated in mid-2024 when university students, primarily from Dhaka University, began organizing protests. The movement initially focused on demanding job reforms and greater transparency in government employment processes. Students were motivated by a desire for a fairer job market and an end to corruption in hiring practices. The protests were initially peaceful, with students urging the government to engage in a dialogue to address their concerns. 2. The Escalation of Protests – Government’s Harsh Response:    The situation quickly escalated when the government, led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, reacted to the protests with excessive force. Instead of engaging in dialogue, the government labelled the protesters as “terrorists” and ordered the police and security forces to suppress the demonstrations aggressively. This included the use of live ammunition, tear gas, and mass arrests. The government’s brutal crackdown on peaceful demonstrators shocked the nation and fueled further anger.   – Nationwide Unrest:    The heavy-handed response by the government led to widespread outrage, causing the protests to spread beyond Dhaka to other major cities and even rural areas. The protests, initially focused on job reforms, quickly turned into a broader anti-government movement. Demonstrators targeted government buildings, police stations, and offices of the ruling Awami League party, engaging in acts of vandalism and arson as symbols of their frustration and anger.   3. Clashes and Casualties Deadly Clashes:    The crisis reached a critical point during a weekend in August 2024 when violent clashes between protesters and security forces resulted in significant casualties. Over 200 people, including civilians and police officers, were killed during these confrontations. The violence was most intense in Dhaka, where thousands of protesters defied government-imposed curfews to take to the streets in what they described as a fight for their future.    Military’s Role:    As the violence spiralled out of control, the military was brought in to restore order. However, instead of continuing the violent suppression, the military, led by General Waker-Uz-Zaman, refused to fire on the protesters. Recognizing the untenable situation, the military leadership pressured Prime Minister Hasina to resign, marking a significant turning point in the crisis.   The Fall of Sheikh Hasina Resignation and Exile:    Facing immense pressure from both the military and the escalating protests, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned from her position. She fled to India, seeking asylum, and has been reported to be attempting to find refuge in European countries. Hasina’s departure marked the end of her long and controversial tenure as Prime Minister, during which she had been accused of authoritarian practices and suppressing political dissent.   Formation of an Interim Government:    In the wake of Hasina’s resignation, General Waker-Uz-Zaman announced the formation of an interim government. This government, initially backed by the military, was tasked with stabilizing the country and preparing for new elections. The military’s involvement raised concerns about the potential for a long-term military presence in politics, but the interim government was seen as a necessary step to restore order.   The Role of the Opposition and Civil Society Opposition Parties’ Demands:      The main opposition party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir, has been vocal in demanding that general elections be held within three months. The BNP had boycotted the previous elections, accusing the Hasina government of electoral fraud and cracking down on political opponents. The party’s current demands reflect a broader desire for democratic reforms and a restoration of political freedoms.   Student Leaders and Civil Society’s Role:    The student leaders who initially organized the protests have continued to play a crucial role in the political discourse. They have set conditions for the formation of any new government, insisting that it must include representatives recommended by them. They have also firmly rejected the idea of a military-led government, calling instead for a civilian administration that reflects the will of the people.   Border and International Repercussions   Border Closures and Security Concerns:    In response to the political instability, Bangladesh’s borders have been effectively sealed. Major airlines have suspended flights to Dhaka, and long-distance train services to neighbouring India have been halted indefinitely. The closure of borders has caused significant disruptions, particularly in trade and the movement of people, exacerbating the country’s already tense situation.   International Response:    The international community has expressed deep concern over the unfolding events in Bangladesh. Human rights organizations have condemned the violence, and several countries, including the United Kingdom, have called for an independent investigation into the government’s actions during the protests. The potential for international sanctions or diplomatic isolation is a growing concern for Bangladesh, which relies heavily on foreign aid and trade.   7. What’s Next for Bangladesh? – *Political Uncertainty:*      Bangladesh is currently in a state of political limbo. The interim government, backed by the military, faces the daunting task of stabilizing the country while also preparing for new elections. The dissolution of parliament has left a power vacuum, and it remains unclear how the new government will be formed or whether it will have the legitimacy needed to govern effectively. The coming months are likely to be critical for Bangladesh’s political future.   Calls for New Elections:      There is a growing consensus among political leaders and civil society that free and fair elections must be held as soon as possible. However, the timeline and the process for these elections are still uncertain. There is a fear that prolonged political instability could lead to further unrest or even a return to authoritarian rule. Ensuring that the elections are conducted fairly and transparently will be crucial for restoring public trust in the political system.   My Opinion: How to

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Budget 2024 Highlights

Leave a Comment / Current Affairs, Latest News, Learning Tips / By / August 12, 2024

Budget 2024 Highlights: Comprehensive Review and Sector-Wise Allocations Introduction to the Budget The Finance Minister announced the Final Budget on 23rd July 2024. This year’s budget aims to drive growth in key sectors such as employment, skilling, MSMEs, and the middle class. The FM emphasized that the 2024 budget prioritizes: Productivity and Resilience in Agriculture Employment and Skilling Inclusive Human Resource Development and Social Justice Manufacturing and Services Urban Development Energy Security Infrastructure Innovation, Research, and Development Next Generation Reforms Additionally, the budget introduced several significant reforms in both Direct and Indirect taxes. Keep reading this article to learn about the major highlights of the Budget 2024. Download Budget 2024 Documents Budget 2024 Budget Speech Direct Tax Proposals Enhanced Limit of Standard Deduction and Family Pension Deduction Under New Regime Under the new tax regime, the standard deduction for salaried individuals has been increased from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 75,000. Similarly, the deduction on family pension for individuals with pension income has been increased from Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 25,000 if they file taxes under the new regime. Changes in Tax Structure Under the New Regime The new tax regime has revised the income tax structure as follows: Income Tax Slabs Tax Rate ₹0-3 lakh Nil ₹3-7 lakh 5% ₹7-10 lakh 10% ₹10-12 lakh 15% ₹12-15 lakh 20% Above ₹15 lakh 30% As a result of these changes, a salaried employee in the new tax regime can save up to Rs. 17,500 in taxes. Simplification of Taxation of Capital Gains To simplify the taxation of capital gains, the government has revised the holding periods for classifying assets into long-term and short-term categories: The 36-month holding period has been removed. The holding period for all listed securities is now 12 months. All listed securities held for more than 12 months are considered long-term. The holding period for all other assets is 24 months. Unlisted bonds and debentures are now aligned with the taxation of debt mutual funds and market-linked debentures and will attract tax on capital gains at applicable slab rates, treating them as short-term irrespective of the holding period. Increased Exemption Limits for Long-Term Capital Gains For the benefit of the lower and middle-income classes, the limit on the exemption of Long-Term Capital Gains on the transfer of equity shares, equity-oriented units, or units of Business Trust has been increased from Rs. 1 Lakh to Rs. 1.25 lakh per year. However, the tax rate on these gains has increased from 10% to 12.5%. The exemption limit applies for the whole year, while the new tax rate is effective from 23rd July 2024. The tax on long-term capital gains for other financial and non-financial assets has been reduced from 20% to 12.5%, but the indexation benefit has been removed. Sales of long-term assets made from 23rd July 2024 will attract a tax rate of 12.5% without the indexation benefit. However, the provision for using the Fair Market Value (FMV) of the asset as of 01.04.2001 as the cost while selling the asset remains available. Changes in TDS Rates Budget 2024 has reduced the TDS rates on specified payments to facilitate business and improve taxpayer compliance. These changes will be effective from either 1st October 2024 or 1st April 2025. The specified payments and their revised TDS rates are as follows: TDS Sections Current TDS Rate Proposed TDS Rate Effective from Section 194D – Payment of insurance commission (other than company) 5% 2% 1st April 2025 Section 194DA – Payment in respect of life insurance policy 5% 2% 1st Oct 2024 Section 194G – Commission on sale of lottery tickets 5% 2% 1st Oct 2024 Section 194H – Payment of commission or brokerage 5% 2% 1st Oct 2024 Section 194-IB – Payment of Rent by certain individuals or HUF 5% 2% 1st Oct 2024 Section 194M – Payment of certain sums by certain individuals or HUFs 5% 2% 1st Oct 2024 Section 194-O – Payment by e-commerce operator to e-commerce participants 1% 0.1% 1st Oct 2024 Section 194F – Payment on account of repurchase of units by mutual funds or UTI Omitted – 1st Oct 2024 Introduction of TDS on Payments Made to Partners by Firms (Section 194T) A new TDS provision has been introduced for payments made by firms (covering both partnership firms and LLPs) to partners by way of salary, remuneration, interest, bonus, or commission. Any payment by a firm of this nature exceeding Rs. 20,000 will now be subjected to TDS at the rate of 10% under Section 194T. Abolishment of Angel Tax The Angel tax provisions under Section 56(2)(viib) have been proposed for removal. Angel Tax is levied on companies issuing fresh shares to investors at a price above the company’s Fair Market Value. The excess of the issue price over the FMV was taxable as angel tax. The removal of this provision is expected to benefit the startup ecosystem by reducing compliance costs and time during fundraising activities. Corporate Taxes on Foreign Companies Corporate taxes imposed on foreign companies’ net income or profit have been reduced from 40% to 35%. Increased Deduction on Employer’s Contribution to Pension Scheme Section 80CCD, which provides a deduction for the employer’s contribution to the Pension scheme, has seen an increase in the deduction limit from 10% to 14% of the employee’s salary during the previous year. STT on Futures and Options The Securities Transaction Tax (STT) on futures has been increased from 0.0125% to 0.02%, and STT on options has been increased from 0.0625% to 0.1%. Other Direct Tax Updates Reopening of ITR: An assessment can be reopened beyond three years if the escaped income is Rs 50 lakh or more, up to a maximum of five years from the end of the assessment year. For search cases, the time limit has been reduced from ten years to six years. Income Tax Appeals: The monetary limits for filing tax dispute appeals have been raised to Rs. 60 Lakh for tax tribunals, Rs. 1 Crore for high courts, and Rs. 2 Crore